USB standards

USB cables by connector (Compatibility table)
USB A
USB Mini-A
USB Micro-A
USB B
USB Mini-B
USB Micro-B
USB 3.0 Micro-B
USB-C

USB cables by power carrying capability
Low-power SuperSpeed: 100 mA 5 V 0.50 W
Low-power SuperSpeed: 150 mA 5 V 0.75 W USB 3.0
High-power: 500 mA 5 V 2.5 W
High-power SuperSpeed: 900 mA 5 V 4.5 W USB 3.0
Multi-lane SuperSpeed: 1.5 A 5 V 7.5 W USB 3.2 Gen x2
Battery Charging 1.2: 1.5 A 5 V 7.5 W
USB-C (multi-lane): 1.5 A 5 V 7.5 W
USB-C (multi-lane): 3 A 5 V 15 W
Power Delivery 1.0/2.0/3.0: 5 A 20 V 100 W Type-C
Power Delivery 3.1: 5 A 48 V 240 W Type-C

USB cables by data carrying capability
USB 2.0: 480Mbp/s
USB 3.2 Gen 1 single lane: 5 Gbit/s
USB 3.2 Gen 1 dual lane: 10 Gbit/s
USB 3.2 Gen 2 single lane: 10 Gbit/s
USB 3.2 Gen 2 dual lane: 20 Gbit/s
USB4 Gen 2 single lane: 10 Gbit/s
USB4 Gen 2 dual lane: 20 Gbit/s
USB4 Gen 3 single lane: 20 Gbit/s
USB4 Gen 3 dual lane: 40 Gbit/s
USB4 Gen 4 symmetric: 80 Gbit/s
USB4 Gen 4 asymmetric: 120 Gbit/s

USB cables by role
Active: They include integrated circuits (chips) that boost or improve the signal (usually in order to make the signals go further on a longer cable than without that active component)
Passive: They do not include any chip to boost the signal